In this glossary, you will find several terms related to the business field. The definitions were found on Google and the pictures are from Wikimedia.
advertising
noun
The activity or profession of producing advertisements for commercial products or services.
Example: The marketing focus should be more towards securing distribution channels and advertising using real data that proves the effectiveness of the products.
fr: publibité
balance sheet
noun
A statement of the assets, liabilities, and capital of a business or other organization at a particular point in time, detailing the balance of income and expenditure over the preceding period.
Example: However, it is used as more "reliable guide to the liquidity of a business than the current assets held at the balance sheet date".
fr: bilan
business
noun
The practice of making one's living by engaging in commerce.
Example: Communication is an essential element to the effective running of any business.
fr: entreprise
communication
noun
Means of sending or receiving information, such as telephone lines or computers.
Example: The general rule protects any communication between solicitors and their clients, thereby supplying the solicitor with all the information he needs in order to provide accurate and helpful legal advice.
fr: communication
competition
noun
the person or people with whom one is competing, especially in a commercial or sporting arena; the opposition.
Example: Imperialism, according to Hobsbawm was 'the child of an era of competition between rival industrial-capitalist national economies which was new and which was intensified by the pressure to secure and safe-guard markets in a period of business uncertainty.".
fr: concurrence
economy
noun
He wealth and resources of a country or region, especially in terms of the production and consumption of goods and services.
fr: économie
gross domestic product
noun
The total value of goods produced and services provided in a country during one year.
Example: In 1960, the share of world merchandise exports in the world gross domestic product was only 10 per, but by 2000, it had claimed to 20 per cent (UNCTAD, 2004).
fr: produit intérieur brut
increase
noun
An instance of growing or making greater.
Example: Today we see our towns and cities heavily congested during peak hours and as explained by Balchin et al. in 1995 (p.211) this is down mainly to the increase in Gross National Product (GNP), which has led to Urbanization.
fr: augmentation
inventory
noun
A complete list of items such as property, goods in stock, or the contents of a building.
Example: All three distribution channels are being utilized, mass merchandise, specialist and department stores No outstanding loans or RD projects Advertising accounts for an approx. 60% of budget Operating solely in Sonites Market Suggested Future Plans: Increase advertising of SULI by 20% Increase Sales Force by 30 RD possibility of entering Vodite Market Lower production levels to reduce inventory Marketing Strategy Lessons Learnt as follows: Carry out detailed analysis of market before launching RD projects.
fr: inventaire
investor
noun
A person or organization that puts money into financial schemes, property, etc. with the expectation of achieving a profit.
Example: This applies to any investors because, firstly, the "homogeneous expectations" implies every investor will hold the same market portfolio regardless of his degree of risk aversion.
fr: investisseur
macroeconomics
noun
The part of economics concerned with large-scale or general economic factors, such as interest rates and national productivity.
Example: Macroeconomics studies have shown that the economy is going pretty well for now.
fr: macroéconomie
manager
noun
A person responsible for controlling or administering all or part of a company or similar organization.
Example: Where, in response to the threat of increased competition, C.C.C. chairman, Harold Cox instructed his general manager, Erica Wilson, to formulate a change strategy. later employed, incorporating three new additions: John Straw, Simon Pedder and Eric Long.
fr: gestionnaire
market
noun
An area or arena in which commercial dealings are conducted.
Example: The benefits of and reasons for change should be clearly explained to employees (i.e. because of a tougher market place - the change will safeguard the business and employment).
fr: marché
microeconomics
noun
The part of economics concerned with single factors and the effects of individual decisions.
Example: Historical institutionalism grew out of critiques of conventional group theories of politics, while rational choice institutionalism reflects the successful import of the axioms of microeconomics into political science.
fr: microéconomie
oligopoly
noun
A state of limited competition, in which a market is shared by a small number of producers or sellers.
Example: The competitive structure in which Yahoo operates is closest to an oligopoly.
fr: oligopole
profit
noun
A financial gain, especially the difference between the amount earned and the amount spent in buying, operating, or producing something.
Example: This would be a costly process however, with little profit in return.
fr: bénéfice
profitability
noun
The degree to which a business or activity yields profit or financial gain.
Example: Despite the weaknesses, the CAPM is still generally considered a useful tool in evaluating the profitability of a project.
fr: rentabilité
recession
noun
Period of temporary economic decline during which trade and industrial activity are reduced, generally identified by a fall in GDP in two successive quarters.
Example: Paul Conkin, The New Deal (London, 1968), p.87 Paul Conkin, The New Deal (London, 1968), p.71 The precipitous recession of the economy in 1937 was a deeply intensifying factor in the disillusionment of the New Deal.
fr: récession
tax
noun
A compulsory contribution to state revenue, levied by the government on workers' income and business profits, or added to the cost of some goods, services, and transactions.
Example: Solely on financial grounds, Ireland should be selected in a 10 year analysis and Waltham in a 5 year one. - Prior to making a decision Craig Thomas should engage in more detailed cost benefit analysis exploring issues such the experience of operating in Santa Clara, the complexities of building a greenfield plant, the uncertainty of operating abroad, the reliability of the variable inputs (demand, price and variable cost), inflation and tax implications and the possibility of applying other capital appraisal techniques.
fr: impôt
unemployment
noun
the state of being unemployed.
Example: Aims of the rationale were improving the situation for consumers and businesses by lowering prices, increasing GDP levels, lowering unemployment, making businesses more competitive through economies of scales and raising the innovation levels.
